Peran Gen EPSPS dalam Ketahanan Tanaman Terhadap Herbisida: Prospek Dan Tantangan Kedepannya
Kata Kunci:
ESPS, glifosat, tanaman transgenik, resistensi herbisida, bioteknologi pertanianAbstrak
Ketahanan tanaman terhadap herbisida glifosat telah menjadi perhatian utama dalam dunia pertanian modern. Gen 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) berperan penting dalam jalur shikimat yang terlibat dalam sintesis asam amino esensial pada tanaman. Glifosat bekerja dengan menghambat enzim EPSPS, yang menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme tanaman dan akhirnya kematian. Namun, tanaman transgenik yang membawa varian gen EPSPS yang resisten terhadap glifosat telah berhasil dikembangkan, memungkinkan petani mengendalikan gulma dengan lebih efektif tanpa merusak tanaman budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau peran gen EPSPS dalam ketahanan tanaman yang telah disisipi gen EPSPS terhadap herbisida glifosat mekanisme resistensi yang dihasilkan, serta tantangan dan prospek penggunaannya di masa depan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah tinjauan pustaka dari berbagai jurnal ilmiah dan sumber terpercaya terkait mekanisme kerja gen EPSPS, strategi transformasi tanaman, serta dampaknya terhadap ekosistem pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman yang telah dimodifikasi dengan gen EPSPS resisten terhadap glifosat mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pengelolaan gulma dan produktivitas pertanian. Namun, penggunaan yang intensif dapat memicu evolusi resistensi pada gulma, berpotensi menyebabkan dampak lingkungan, dan menghadapi tantangan regulasi serta penerimaan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, strategi pengelolaan yang tepat, termasuk rotasi herbisida dan pendekatan bioteknologi alternatif seperti CRISPR/Cas9, perlu dikembangkan untuk memastikan efektivitas jangka panjang dari teknologi ini.
Unduhan
Referensi
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