Ekspresi Gen TP53 Pada Kanker Payudara: Implikasi Molekuler Terhadap Respon Terapi dan Pengembangan Pengobatan Presisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32939/symbiotic.v6i2.217Kata Kunci:
Gen TP53, Kanker Payudara, Mutasi, Terapi Presisi, Resistensi ObatAbstrak
Kanker payudara masih menjadi jenis kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada perempuan di seluruh dunia serta penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker. Salah satu faktor molekuler penting dalam patogenesisnya adalah mutasi gen TP53, yang dikenal sebagai “penjaga genom” karena perannya dalam pengaturan siklus sel, perbaikan DNA, dan induksi apoptosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji ekspresi dan pola mutasi gen TP53 pada kanker payudara serta implikasinya terhadap respons terapi dan strategi pengobatan presisi. Kajian dilakukan melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis mengikuti pedoman PRISMA, dengan sumber artikel dari basis data Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, dan DOAJ yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015–2024. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa mutasi TP53 ditemukan pada sekitar 30% kasus kanker payudara, dengan prevalensi tertinggi pada subtipe triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mutasi umum seperti R175H dan R248Q menyebabkan hilangnya fungsi penekan tumor p53, resistansi terhadap obat kemoterapi (misalnya doxorubicin dan cisplatin), serta aktivasi jalur pro-kebertahanan PI3K/AKT. Strategi terapi inovatif seperti reaktivator p53 (misalnya APR-246), inhibitor MDM2, imunoterapi berbasis checkpoint, dan teknologi penyuntingan gen CRISPR/Cas9 menawarkan potensi pengobatan yang lebih terarah. Kajian ini menekankan pentingnya profil genom individual untuk mengoptimalkan terapi kanker payudara, khususnya pada populasi Asia.
Unduhan
Referensi
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