Replikasi DNA pada Prokariota: Tahapan dan Fungsi dalam Pewarisan Genetik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32939/symbiotic.v7i1.221Keywords:
Biotechnology, DNA Replication , Elongation, Genetic stability, Initiation, TerminationAbstract
DNA replication is an essential biological process that ensures the accurate inheritance of genetic information during every cell division, particularly in prokaryotic organisms that possess simple genomic structures and efficient replication mechanisms. Understanding DNA replication in prokaryotes is highly important because it plays a crucial role in maintaining genetic stability, supporting adaptation and evolution, and providing broad implications for biotechnology and antibiotic development. This article aims to comprehensively examine the mechanisms of DNA replication in prokaryotes and to explain their biological functions in genetic inheritance and cellular survival. The method employed in this article is a literature review through the analysis of various recent scientific sources, including national and international journals, discussing the stages of prokaryotic DNA replication, namely initiation, elongation, and termination, as well as the roles of the enzymes involved. The findings indicate that DNA replication in prokaryotes occurs in a semiconservative manner and involves the coordinated actions of various enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, helicase, and ligase, which function to maintain the accuracy and efficiency of replication. This process plays a significant role in preserving genetic stability, enabling adaptive mutations within controlled limits, and supporting the utilization of prokaryotes in biotechnology applications and the development of antimicrobial therapies.
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